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Pubmed for Handhelds

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  • Title: A review of calibration techniques for freehand 3-D ultrasound systems.
    Author: Mercier L, Langø T, Lindseth F, Collins DL.
    Journal: Ultrasound Med Biol; 2005 Apr; 31(4):449-71. PubMed ID: 15831324.
    Abstract:
    Three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound (US) is an emerging new technology with numerous clinical applications. Ultrasound probe calibration is an obligatory step to build 3-D volumes from 2-D images acquired in a freehand US system. The role of calibration is to find the mathematical transformation that converts the 2-D coordinates of pixels in the US image into 3-D coordinates in the frame of reference of a position sensor attached to the US probe. This article is a comprehensive review of what has been published in the field of US probe calibration for 3-D US. The article covers the topics of tracking technologies, US image acquisition, phantom design, speed of sound issues, feature extraction, least-squares minimization, temporal calibration, calibration evaluation techniques and phantom comparisons. The calibration phantoms and methods have also been classified in tables to give a better overview of the existing methods.
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