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  • Title: X-ray microdiffraction and conventional diffraction from frozen-hydrated biological specimens.
    Author: Iwamoto H, Inoue K, Fujisawa T, Yagi N.
    Journal: J Synchrotron Radiat; 2005 Jul; 12(Pt 4):479-83. PubMed ID: 15968125.
    Abstract:
    A system for recording microdiffraction patterns from micrometer-sized quick-frozen hydrated biological specimens at the high-flux beamline BL40XU of SPring-8 is described. The optics consists of a pair of pinholes drilled into tantalum substratum, with a defining aperture of diameter 2 microm. The frozen specimens are placed in an in-vacuum cryochamber mounted on a three-axis goniometer, where the specimens are stably held at a liquid-nitrogen temperature ( approximately 74 K). A beam size of 1.5 microm (full width at half-maximum) is attained at the sample position. By using this system, diffraction patterns have been recorded from an isolated single myofibril (diameter approximately 3 microm) of an insect flight muscle in an area equivalent to a single sarcomere (length approximately 3 microm). The technique is potentially applicable to other micrometer-sized hydrated biological specimens, which are more susceptible to radiation damage than dry synthetic polymers or biopolymers. The quick-freezing of biological specimens has also been proven useful in reducing the specimen volume in the beam in conventional diffraction recordings.
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