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  • Title: [Study on the reconstitution in vitro and photochemical activities of phytochrome from the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803].
    Author: Dong YR, Ran Y, Zhao KH, Zhou M.
    Journal: Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao; 2004 Mar; 20(2):238-44. PubMed ID: 15969115.
    Abstract:
    Genomic DNA sequence analysis of phytochrome like photoreceptors in a number of bacteria revealed several open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins with amino acid sequences homologous to plant phytochromes. The phytochrome like photoreceptors, collectively called bacteriophytochromes, contain an N-terminal domain homologous to the chromophore-binding domain (CBD) of higher plants and a C-terminal domain of histidine kinase domain( HKD). Due to their simple structure, bacteriophytochromes broaden the view of phytochrome evolution and provide us with a simple model to investigate phytochrome-mediated light signal in higher plants. In this report, the bacteriophytochromes from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 were investigated. The gene cph1 and its fragment cph1 (C-435) were isolated from the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using specific primers. Then, the genes were cloned with the vector pBluescript, yielding plasmids pBlu-cphl and pBlu-cph1 ( C-435), before they are subcloned with the vector pET30, using the EcoRV and Xho I restriction sites. pBlu-cph1, pBlu-cph1 (N-435) were cleaved with Sma I and Xho I, and the released genes were ligated to the pET30a fragment. The E. coli [strain BL21 (DE3)] cells containing recombinant pET30a were grown in medium RB at 20 degrees C, and harvested 6 h later after induction with isopropyl thio-beta-D-galactoside (IPTG). Then, reconstitution systems were employed to study the characteristics of the genes. In the reconstitution system, autoassembly of aprotein of phytochrome with PCB was investigated. The chromophore addition was an autocatalytic process. Reconstitution products were red/infrared (R/FR) photochromic, which was similar to that of the phytoehrome in higher plants. How ever, the spectral change ratios (deltaAmax/deltaAmin) of the two fragments differed from each other. It was also shown that PCB was covalently bound to apo-protein via Zn2+ fluoresc ence SDS-PAGE. After irradiation by light of 700 nm, the maximum absorption spectrum o f holo-Cphl was 650nm. The absorption of it after denaturatior in the dark with ur ea in the presence of hydrochloric acid (pH = 2) was 660nm, which was similar with th at of cis-PCB. In addition, after irradiation by light of 650nm, the maximum absorption spectrum of holo-Cph1 was 700nm. The absorption of it after denaturation in the dark with urea in the presence of hydrochloric acid (pH = 2) was 600nm, which was similar with that of trans-PCB. The result showed that the photochromism of phytochrome resulted from the isomerizaation of chromophore (PCB in this report). The reconstitution of Cph1 (C-435) under the same condition supported the conclusion. Fluorescence emission spectrum of the products suggested that bacteriophytochrom e structure with cis-PCB was more stable than that with trans-PCB. The new reconstitution system in this report sets a base for the application of phytochrome as photochromic biomaterials in biosensors. In addition, phytochrome shows great potential in food, cosmetic and biological engineering, etc.
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