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  • Title: Photoreceptors and visual pigments in the retina of the fully anadromous green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostrus) and the potamodromous pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus).
    Author: Sillman AJ, Beach AK, Dahlin DA, Loew ER.
    Journal: J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol; 2005 Sep; 191(9):799-811. PubMed ID: 15983809.
    Abstract:
    Green sturgeon and pallid sturgeon photoreceptors were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microspectrophotometry and, in the case of the green sturgeon, retinal whole-mounts. The retinas of both species contain both rods and cones: cones comprise between 23% (whole-mount) and 36% (SEM) of the photoreceptors. The cone population of both species is dominated by large single cones, but a rare small single cone is also present. In both species, most rods have long outer segments of large diameter. A rod with a relatively thin outer segment is present in the pallid sturgeon retina. Mean cone packing density for the entire green sturgeon retina is 4,690+/-891 cones/mm2, with the dorsal retina 14% more dense than the ventral. There is evidence for a horizontal visual streak just above and including the optic disc. Mean rod packing density is 16,006+/-1,668 rods/mm2 for the entire retina, and fairly uniform throughout. Both species have rods with peak absorbance near 540 nm, as well as short-wavelength-sensitive cones (green: 464.5+/-0.7 nm; pallid: 439.7+/-3.5 nm); middle-wavelength-sensitive cones (green: 538.0+/-1.4 nm; pallid: 537.0+/-1.7 nm); and long-wavelength-sensitive cones (green: 613.9+/-3.0 nm; pallid: 617.8+/-7.6 nm).
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