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  • Title: Effectiveness of eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream and occlusive dressing with low dosage of fentanyl for pain control during shockwave lithotripsy.
    Author: Yilmaz E, Batislam E, Basar MM, Tuglu D, Ozcan S, Basar H.
    Journal: J Endourol; 2005 Jun; 19(5):589-94. PubMed ID: 15989452.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate the effect and usefulness of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic (EMLA) applied with an occlusive dressing and used simultaneously with a low dose of fentanyl during shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty patients with kidney stones, aged between 19 and 68 years, were randomly divided into seven groups that were treated as follows: group 1: fentanyl 1 microg/kg by intravenous infusion (IV); group 2: IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg; group 3: occlusive dressing and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg; group 4: placebo cream and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg; group 5: EMLA cream and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg; group 6: placebo cream and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg with an occlusive dressing; and group 7: EMLA cream and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg with an occlusive dressing. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, ventilatory rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) were recorded on all patients. A visual analog scale 0-100 mm (VAS) was used for the evaluation of pain. The skin integrity was inspected to detect any lesions after SWL. RESULTS: The SpO(2) in group 1 was lower statistically than in the other groups. The VAS score in group 7 was clearly lower than in the others in the first, tenth, and twentieth minutes and at the end of SWL. In groups 6 and 7, additional fentanyl doses were lower than in the other groups, but only in group 7 was the total fentanyl dosage low. Skin lesions were not seen only in groups 3, 6, and 7. CONCLUSION: Use of EMLA and an occlusive dressing with low doses of fentanyl during SWL provides appropriate analgesia with minimal morbidity.
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