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  • Title: Association of television viewing during childhood with poor educational achievement.
    Author: Hancox RJ, Milne BJ, Poulton R.
    Journal: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med; 2005 Jul; 159(7):614-8. PubMed ID: 15996992.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Excessive television viewing in childhood has been associated with adverse effects on health and behavior. A common concern is that watching too much television may also have a negative impact on education. However, no long-term studies have measured childhood viewing and educational achievement. OBJECTIVE: To explore these associations in a birth cohort followed up to adulthood. DESIGN: Prospective birth cohort study. SETTING: Dunedin, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 1000 unselected individuals born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973. Ninety-six percent of the living cohort participated at 26 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Educational achievement by 26 years of age. RESULTS: The mean time spent watching television during childhood and adolescence was significantly associated with leaving school without qualifications and negatively associated with attaining a university degree. Risk ratios for each hour of television viewing per weeknight, adjusted for IQ and sex, were 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.65) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.67-0.85), respectively (both, P<.001). The findings were similar in men and women and persisted after further adjustment for socioeconomic status and early childhood behavioral problems. Television viewing during childhood (ages 5-11 years) and adolescence (ages 13 and 15 years) had adverse associations with later educational achievement. However, adolescent viewing was a stronger predictor of leaving school without qualifications, whereas childhood viewing was a stronger predictor of nonattainment of a university degree. CONCLUSIONS: Television viewing in childhood and adolescence is associated with poor educational achievement by 26 years of age. Excessive television viewing in childhood may have long-lasting adverse consequences for educational achievement and subsequent socioeconomic status and well-being.
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