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  • Title: Risk factors for otitis media with effusion in Chinese schoolchildren: a nested case-control study and review of the literature.
    Author: Tong MC, Yue V, Ku PK, Lo PS, Wong EM, van Hasselt CA.
    Journal: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol; 2006 Feb; 70(2):213-9. PubMed ID: 16023224.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for otitis media with effusion (OME) in Chinese schoolchildren and analyse the results with reference to the review of the literature. METHODS: The study subjects were 6-7-year-old children drawn from a school-screening program for OME in Hong Kong. Both positive and negative screens attended a hospital clinic for further assessment with repeated otoscopic examination and tympanometry as well as pure tone audiometry within 3 weeks after the initial school-screening. During the visit, parents were interviewed to provide information with regard to the children's birth history, neonatal history, socio-economic background, otological history, past health, and medical history. These data formed the basis in the estimation of potential risk factors for OME. RESULTS: In the univariate analysis of 127 cases and 173 controls, significantly elevated odds ratios (OR) for OME were detected on the symptoms of atopy (OR = 2.21, p = 0.04), hearing loss (OR = 4.13, p = 0.001), nasal obstruction (OR = 1.94, p = 0.005), rhinorrhoea (OR = 1.61, p = 0.04), tonsillitis in the past 12 months (OR = 1.82, p = 0.02), and previous history of acute otitis media (OR = 6.89, p < 0.001). However, only three of them were found to be significant in the multivariate logistic regression model: nasal obstruction (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.01-2.75); acute tonsillitis (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.00-2.80), and previous acute otitis media episodes (OR = 5.75, 95% CI: 2.60-12.69). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors identified in the Chinese schoolchildren for OME were comparable with previous western reports. A previous attack of acute otitis media was a major determinant for middle ear effusion.
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