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  • Title: Skin carcinomas and micronucleus induction in epidermal keratinocytes following 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and mezerein treatment.
    Author: Steinel HH, Bonin AM, Meher-Homji K, Baker RS.
    Journal: Mutagenesis; 1992 May; 7(3):199-203. PubMed ID: 1602975.
    Abstract:
    Phorbol esters are chemical compounds which have the ability to promote carcinogenesis in the skin of mice. In the HRA/Skh mouse strain, an initiation-promotion assay substantiated evidence that mezerein acts as a complete promoter. Complete promotion with 9.0 nmol mezerein induced a total of 53 papillomas in 28 mice within 40 weeks, while 1.5 nmol 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), using the same application regime, resulted in a total of 298 papillomas in 58 mice. However, 7.6% of the papillomas in the mezerein group progressed to carcinomas, compared with 0.7% in the TPA group. Approximately the same molar concentrations of TPA and mezerein induced a dose-dependent and reproducible increase in micronuclei in supra-basal cells derived from the epidermis of treated mice. In contrast, the latter compound was less toxic to these cells and induced higher numbers of micronuclei at the higher concentrations.
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