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  • Title: Voluntary task switching: chasing the elusive homunculus.
    Author: Arrington CM, Logan GD.
    Journal: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn; 2005 Jul; 31(4):683-702. PubMed ID: 16060773.
    Abstract:
    In the voluntary task switching procedure, subjects choose the task to perform on a series of bivalent stimuli, requiring top-down control of task switching. Experiments 1-3 contrasted voluntary task switching and explicit task cuing. Choice behavior showed small, inconsistent effects of external stimulus characteristics, supporting the assumption of top-down control of task choice. Switch costs were smaller when subjects chose to switch tasks than when instructed by an external cue. Experiments 4-6 separated choice costs from switch costs. These findings support models of task switching that incorporate top-down processes in accounts of switch costs. The degree to which task switching procedures capture top-down versus bottom-up processes may depend on the extent of environmental support provided by the procedure.
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