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  • Title: Effects of communication with important social referents on beliefs and intentions to use condoms.
    Author: Strader MK, Beaman ML, McSweeney M.
    Journal: J Adv Nurs; 1992 Jun; 17(6):699-703. PubMed ID: 1607502.
    Abstract:
    Data from a 1989 survey using the condom attitude and belief instrument with 310 clients from two sexually transmitted disease clinics identified significant social referents who influence condom-use intentions. They are sexual partner, father and friends. The present study found that communication with these referents had a positive net effect on beliefs about and intentions to use condoms. Implications applicable for intervention programmes to increase condom use are to promote talking about condoms between the sexual partners and important social referents and to develop such communication skills. Communication with important social referents, beliefs, and intentions to use condoms is described. The purpose of this study is to determine if individuals communicate with important social referents and to investigate effects of communications and the effects of race and gender on communication. The theoretical framework relies on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), where attitudes (beliefs about the consequences of the behavior and an evaluation of those consequences) and norms (perceived normative expectations of important social referents and the motivation to comply with those expectations) determine behavioral intention. A brief review of the literature is included. IN 1989 310 clients from 2 sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in southern Illinois in a convenience sample were interviewed with the Condom Attitude and Beliefs Instrument (CABI). 89% of the sample were black, 10% white, and .1% Asian. 35% were female and 65% male. 43% used condoms, 29% had previously used condoms, and 27% had never used condoms. Sexual behavior is described. The results revealed that 75% talked with their sexual partner about condoms, 53% with their mother, 44% with their father, and 78% with friends. Differences were computed between behavioral beliefs about condoms, normative beliefs, and intentions to use condoms in talking and nontalking groups. The groups who talked to any referent had significantly more positive behavioral beliefs about condoms. Those talking with mother, father, and friends had stronger normative beliefs that condoms ought to be used. There were no statistically significant differences between groups that talked or did not talk to their sex partner about condoms. Those who talked to their partner, father and friends had stronger intentions to use condoms than nontalking subjects. Talking to mother was unrelated to intention to use condoms, but significantly increased subjects' mean behavioral belief scores. Significant differences were found for talking to father (x2 = 5.971, p.02), and friends (x2 = 7.597, p.001). Males were more likely to talk to their father and friends. More information is needed on the nature of communication and its effects. Although talking to the partner does not increase the partner's influence on the individual, talking about condoms increased intentions to use them. Interventions might encourage communication with partners about use or provision of condoms.
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