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  • Title: Kraepelin and manic-depressive insanity: an historical perspective.
    Author: Mondimore FM.
    Journal: Int Rev Psychiatry; 2005 Feb; 17(1):49-52. PubMed ID: 16194770.
    Abstract:
    Since the time of the ancient Greeks, physicians have recognized a certain relatedness between the mental states of depression and mania. In the mid-Nineteenth century, French alienists proposed a 'double' or 'circular' illness consisting of alternating depressed and manic episodes and at the beginning of the twentieth century, Emil Kraepelin introduced the term 'manic-depressive insanity.' Kraepelin's broad clinical experience resulted in compelling descriptions of the symptoms of mood disorders that have arguably never been surpassed. The Kraepelinian nosology continues to provide a touchstone for modern classification systems of the mood disorders.
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