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  • Title: Small-fiber neuropathy/neuronopathy associated with celiac disease: skin biopsy findings.
    Author: Brannagan TH, Hays AP, Chin SS, Sander HW, Chin RL, Magda P, Green PH, Latov N.
    Journal: Arch Neurol; 2005 Oct; 62(10):1574-8. PubMed ID: 16216941.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is increasingly recognized in North America and is associated with a peripheral neuropathy. OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical characteristics and skin biopsy results in patients with CD and small-fiber neuropathy symptoms. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Academic peripheral neuropathy clinic. PATIENTS: Eight patients with CD and neuropathy symptoms. Intervention Three-millimeter punch biopsy using the panaxonal marker protein gene product 9.5 to assess epidermal nerve fiber (ENF) density and a gluten-free diet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical data and ENF density. RESULTS: All patients had asymmetric numbness and paresthesias. Three had more prominent involvement of hands than feet, and 3 had facial numbness. Celiac disease was diagnosed in 5 after their neuropathy began. The following serum antibody levels were elevated: tissue transglutaminase (n = 6), IgA gliadin (n = 4), and IgG gliadin (n = 7). Results of nerve conduction studies were normal in 7 patients. One patient had mildly reduced sural amplitudes. The ENF density was reduced in 5 patients. The ENF density was at the low limit of the normal range in 3 additional patients, 2 of whom had morphologic changes in axons. Three patients had decreased ENF density at the thigh or forearm, which was more severe than at the distal leg, compatible with a non-length-dependent process. Four reported improvement with a gluten-free diet. One had no improvement after 4 months. Symptoms developed in 2 while receiving a gluten-free diet. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CD may have a neuropathy involving small fibers, demonstrated by results of skin biopsy. The pattern of symptoms, with frequent facial involvement and a non-length-dependent pattern on skin biopsy findings, suggests a sensory ganglionopathy or an immune-mediated neuropathy. Improvement of symptoms in some patients after initiating a gluten-free diet warrants further study.
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