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  • Title: Transvenous embolization for a purely intraorbital arteriovenous fistula. Case report.
    Author: Deguchi J, Yamada M, Ogawa R, Kuroiwa T.
    Journal: J Neurosurg; 2005 Oct; 103(4):756-9. PubMed ID: 16266061.
    Abstract:
    Purely intraorbital arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare, and their clinical management is controversial. The authors successfully treated a patient with an intraorbital AVF by transvenous embolization alone. An accurate distinction between an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), which is characterized by the existence of a nidus, and an AVF, which has no nidus, is important and requires superselective ophthalmic artery angiography. Treatment of an intraorbital AVF by transvenous embolization can improve visual function.
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