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  • Title: Measurement of autonomic dysregulation in multiple sclerosis.
    Author: Kodounis A, Stamboulis E, Constantinidis TS, Liolios A.
    Journal: Acta Neurol Scand; 2005 Dec; 112(6):403-8. PubMed ID: 16281924.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: Patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were tested for autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction using clinical symptomatology criteria and non-invasive laboratory testing. Exactly 45.45% of patients exhibited subjective symptoms of autonomic dysfunction and 42.42% of patients had abnormal laboratory tests results. METHODS: The sympathetic ANS tests were abnormal in 30.3% of MS patients and the parasympathetic ANS tests were abnormal in 18.18% of MS patients. The most sensitive test for the presence of autonomic dysfunction was the sympathetic skin response. CONCLUSION: Autonomic dysfunction was often subclinical and we conclude that it is preferable to combine several tests for a more thorough and accurate evaluation of the ANS impairment in MS.
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