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  • Title: Estimating the pen trajectories of static signatures using hidden Markov models.
    Author: Nel EM, du Preez JA, Herbst BM.
    Journal: IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell; 2005 Nov; 27(11):1733-46. PubMed ID: 16285373.
    Abstract:
    Static signatures originate as handwritten images on documents and by definition do not contain any dynamic information. This lack of information makes static signature verification systems significantly less reliable than their dynamic counterparts. This study involves extracting dynamic information from static images, specifically the pen trajectory while the signature was created. We assume that a dynamic version of the static image is available (typically obtained during an earlier registration process). We then derive a hidden Markov model from the static image and match it to the dynamic version of the image. This match results in the estimated pen trajectory of the static image.
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