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  • Title: Syndromic management of vaginal discharge and pelvic inflammatory disease among women in a rural community of Haryana, India: agreement of symptoms enquiry with clinical diagnosis.
    Author: Aggarwal AK, Kumar R.
    Journal: J Commun Dis; 2004 Mar; 36(1):1-11. PubMed ID: 16295680.
    Abstract:
    World Health Organisation (1984) advocated syndromic approach for management of reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted diseases. Some investigators have cautioned against using this approach to diagnose and treat vaginal discharge and pelvic inflammatory disease. The prevalence of RTIs in rural areas of Haryana is high and availability of per-speculum examination facility is scarce. The scope for laboratory diagnosis of RTI in rural areas is remote in near future. A community-based study was conducted to assess the agreement of symptoms enquiry with the syndromic diagnosis of RTIs/STDs (based upon per speculum examination). A total of 812 women were interviewed by ANMs and were examined by a lady doctor. History based ANM's diagnosis was found to be having high sensitivity (80.5%) and high positive predictive value (81.3%). However it had low specificity (48.6%) and low negative predictive value (47.5%) compared to clinical diagnosis. Level of agreement was found to be fair (Kappa = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.20-0.36). The chances of over treatment for vaginal discharge and pelvic inflammatory disease were only 16% and 15% respectively. However, history based syndromic protocols need revision. Proposed protocol is discussed in this paper.
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