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  • Title: Clock gene expression in the submandibular glands.
    Author: Furukawa M, Kawamoto T, Noshiro M, Honda KK, Sakai M, Fujimoto K, Honma S, Honma K, Hamada T, Kato Y.
    Journal: J Dent Res; 2005 Dec; 84(12):1193-7. PubMed ID: 16304453.
    Abstract:
    Clock genes, which mediate molecular circadian rhythms, are expressed in a circadian fashion in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and in various peripheral tissues. To establish a molecular basis for circadian regulation in the salivary glands, we examined expression profiles of clock-related genes and salivary gland-characteristic genes. Clock-related genes-including Per1, Per2, Cry1, Bmal1, Dec1, Dec2, Dbp, and Reverbalpha-showed robust circadian expression rhythms in the submandibular glands in 12:12-hour light-dark conditions. In addition, a robust circadian rhythm was observed in amylase 1 mRNA levels, whereas the expression of other salivary-gland-characteristic genes examined was not rhythmic. The Clock mutation resulted in increased or decreased mRNA levels of Per2, Bmal1, Dec1, Dec2, and Dbp, and in Cry1-/- background, Cry2 disruption also increased or decreased mRNA levels of these clock-related genes and the amylase 1 gene. These findings indicate that the Clock- and Cry-dependent molecular clock system is active in the salivary glands.
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