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  • Title: Effect of a 2-day very low-energy diet on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in obese type 2 diabetic patients on insulin therapy.
    Author: Jazet IM, Ouwens DM, Schaart G, Pijl H, Keizer H, Maassen JA, Meinders AE.
    Journal: Metabolism; 2005 Dec; 54(12):1669-78. PubMed ID: 16311102.
    Abstract:
    This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying the blood glucose-lowering effect of a 2-day very low-energy diet (VLED, 1883 kJ/d) in 12 obese (body mass index, 36.3 +/- 1.0 kg/m2 [mean +/- SEM]) type 2 diabetic (HbA(1C) 7.3% +/- 0.4%) patients simultaneously taken off all glucose-lowering therapy, including insulin. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) and glucose disposal ([6,6-2H2]-glucose) were measured before and after the VLED in basal and hyperinsulinemic (40 mU/m2 per minute) euglycemic conditions. Insulin signaling and expression of GLUT-4, FAT/CD36, and triglycerides were assessed in muscle biopsies, obtained before the clamp and after 30 minutes of hyperinsulinemia. Fasting plasma glucose decreased from 11.3 +/- 1.3 to 10.3 +/- 1.0 mmol/L because of a decreased basal EGP (14.2 +/- 1.0 to 11.9 +/- 0.7 micromol/kg per minute, P = .009). Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal did not change. No diet effect was found on the expression of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 or on phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activity, or on FAT/CD36 expression pattern, GLUT-4 translocation, or triglyceride distribution in either the basal or insulin-stimulated situation. Unexpectedly, basal PKB/Akt phosphorylation on T308 and S473 increased after the diet, at equal protein expression. In conclusion, a 2-day VLED lowers fasting plasma glucose via a decreased basal EGP without an effect on glucose disposal. Accordingly, no changes in activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, triglyceride distribution, FAT/CD36 expression, and GLUT-4 translocation were found in skeletal muscle biopsies.
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