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  • Title: Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia, anti-estrogen antibodies and other risk factors for thrombosis in women on oral contraceptives.
    Author: Beaumont V, Malinow MR, Sexton G, Wilson D, Lemort N, Upson B, Beaumont JL.
    Journal: Atherosclerosis; 1992 Jun; 94(2-3):147-52. PubMed ID: 1632868.
    Abstract:
    Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia was shown to be associated with vascular occlusion in atherosclerotic patients. We have conducted a study to determine if hyperhomocyst(e)inemia was also related to the vascular events observed in women on oral contraceptives, presumably having little or no atherosclerosis. Two hundred women receiving oral contraceptives were included in the study: 100 were healthy controls and 100 had documented vascular occlusion. Determination of serum homocyst(e)ine and anti-estrogen antibody levels wore performed under blind conditions. They were evaluated in logistic regression models in which age and smoking were also included. Women with vascular occlusion had higher levels of homocyst(e)ine (P less than 0.001) and of anti-estrogen antibodies (P less than 0.001) when compared to controls. They were also older (P less than 0.001) and more frequently smokers (P less than 0.05). The above mentioned variables were, in isolation, independent predictors of vascular occlusion. Moreover, a model assessing those variables and their interactions indicated that the levels of anti-estrogen antibodies and smoking increased the predictability in older women, as well as the levels of age-adjusted homocyst(e)ine. The study suggests that the above factors can identify women at risk and that determination of anti-estrogen antibodies and homocyst(e)ine levels may help to detect women predisposed to vascular occlusions when taking oral contraceptives. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that hyperhomocyst(e)inemia may be an additional risk factor for vascular occlusions in women taking oral contraceptives (OCs). A total of 200 women who were regular users of OC tablets containing 30 or 50 mcg ethinyl estradiol were studied: 100 were controls and 100 had documented vascular occlusion. Serum levels of homocyst(e)ine and anti-estrogen antibody were determined under blind conditions. These were evaluated in logistic regression models in which age and smoking were also included. Women with vascular occlusion had higher levels of homocyst(e)ine and anti-estrogen antibodies when compared to controls. They were also older and frequent smokers. The variables investigated--namely, anti-estrogen antibody, age-adjusted log, transformed homocyst(e)ine, age, and smoking--were independent predictors of vascular occlusions when considered in isolation. Moreover, a model assessing these variables and their interactions, indicated that the levels of anti-estrogen antibodies and smoking increased the predictability in older women, as well as the levels of age-adjusted log and homocyst(e)ine. The study suggests that these variables can identify women at risk, and the determination of anti-estrogen antibody and homocyst(e)ine levels may help to detect women predisposed to vascular occlusions when taking OCs.
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