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  • Title: Executive functions and ADHD in adults: evidence for selective effects on ADHD symptom domains.
    Author: Nigg JT, Stavro G, Ettenhofer M, Hambrick DZ, Miller T, Henderson JM.
    Journal: J Abnorm Psychol; 2005 Nov; 114(4):706-17. PubMed ID: 16351391.
    Abstract:
    Dual-process models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that both executive functioning and regulatory functions (e.g., processing speed) are involved and that executive function weaknesses may be associated specifically with symptoms of inattention-disorganization but not hyperactivity-impulsivity. Adults aged 18-37 (105 with ADHD, 90 controls) completed a neuropsychological battery. The ADHD group had weaker performance than did the control group (p<.01) on both executive and speed measures. Symptoms of inattention-disorganization were uniquely related to executive functioning with hyperactivity-impulsivity controlled. Inattention was associated with slower response speed, and hyperactivity-impulsivity with faster output speed. Results were not accounted for by IQ, age, gender, education level, or comorbid disorders. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental and dual-process models of ADHD leading into adulthood.
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