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  • Title: Persistent left superior vena cava-inferior vena caval communication complicating implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
    Author: Goyal S, Rosenthal L.
    Journal: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol; 2005 Nov; 28(11):1245-6. PubMed ID: 16359298.
    Abstract:
    A persistent left superior vena cava has been observed in 0.3% of the general population on autopsy. Its presence can complicate left-sided device implantation. Commonly, a LSVC connects to the right atrium via the coronary sinus. A LSVC-accessory hemiazygous-hemiazygous-inferior vena caval communication has not been described previously. The presence of such a congenital venous anomaly will prohibit a left-sided device implant.
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