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  • Title: Association between moringness-eveningness preference and mental/physical premenstrual symptoms in Japanese females 12 to 31 years of age.
    Author: Takeuchi H, Oishi T, Harada T.
    Journal: Chronobiol Int; 2005; 22(6):1055-68. PubMed ID: 16393708.
    Abstract:
    This study investigates the relationship between circadian typology, i.e., morningness-eveningness (M-E) preference, and the occurrence and severity of premenstrual mental and physical symptoms among 154 young Japanese female university students (range, 18 to 31 yrs; mean+/-S.D., 20.69+/-3.69 yrs) and 417 junior high school students (range, 12 to 15 yrs; mean+/-S.D., 14.29+/-0.67 yrs) living in an urban or suburban area of Kochi prefecture. Female university students experienced melancholy mood more frequently than did males, and the female university students who frequently became melancholy were more evening-typed than those who did not experience melancholy. Female university students who experienced frequent fluctuations in mood and/or menstrual pain were more evening-typed than those who were not so affected. M-E preference of junior high school students was not correlated with stability of mood or frequency of menstrual pain. In urban areas, however junior high school students who had very stable menstrual cycles were significantly more morning-typed than those whose menstrual cycles were not stable. In suburban areas, the bedtimes of female junior high students who had stable menstrual cycles were significantly earlier than those whose menstrual cycle duration was not stable. A physiological relationship between the circadian system, M-E, and attributes of the menstrual cycle seems to be present in adolescent female Japanese junior high school students.
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