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  • Title: Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of combinations of acepromazine/butorphanol and acepromazine/oxymorphone in dogs.
    Author: Cornick JL, Hartsfield SM.
    Journal: J Am Vet Med Assoc; 1992 Jun 15; 200(12):1952-6. PubMed ID: 1639702.
    Abstract:
    Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of the following tranquilizer-opioid drug combinations were compared in conscious dogs: acepromazine (0.22 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg, IV); acepromazine (0.22 mg/kg, IM) and butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg, IM); and acepromazine (0.22 mg/kg, IV) and oxymorphone (0.22 mg/kg, IV). Marked sedation and lateral recumbency that required minimal or no restraint was achieved with every drug combination. Analgesia was significantly better in dogs receiving oxymorphone than in dogs receiving butorphanol, as evaluated by response to toe pinch. There were no significant differences between the effects of the 3 drug combinations on heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, body temperature, and arterial pH, PCO2, PO2, and bicarbonate concentration. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and systolic arterial pressure decreased significantly over time with all drug combinations. Total recovery time (minutes from the initial injection to standing) was significantly longer in the dogs given acepromazine and oxymorphone.
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