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  • Title: Cytokine responses to EHV-1 infection in immune and non-immune ponies.
    Author: Coombs DK, Patton T, Kohler AK, Soboll G, Breathnach C, Townsend HG, Lunn DP.
    Journal: Vet Immunol Immunopathol; 2006 May 15; 111(1-2):109-16. PubMed ID: 16473413.
    Abstract:
    Protecting equids against equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection remains an elusive goal. Repeated infection with EHV-1 leads to protective immunity against clinical respiratory disease, and a study was conducted to measure the regulatory cytokine response (IFN-gamma and IL-4) in repeatedly infected immune ponies compared to non-immune ponies. Two groups of four ponies were established. Group 1 ponies had previously been infected on two occasions, and most recently 7 months before this study. Group 2 ponies had no history no vaccination or challenge infection prior to this study. Both groups were subjected to an intranasal challenge infection with EHV-1, and blood samples were collected pre-infection, and at 7 and 21 days post-infection for preparation of PBMCs. At each time point, the in vitro responses of PBMCs to stimulation with EHV-1 were measured, including IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA production, and lymphoproliferation. Group 1 ponies showed no signs of clinical disease or viral shedding after challenge infection. Group 2 ponies experienced a biphasic pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and nasal shedding of virus after infection. Group 1 ponies had an immune response characterized both before and subsequent to challenge infection by an IFN-gamma response to EHV-1 in the absence of an IL-4 response, and demonstrated increased EHV-1-specific lymphoproliferation post-infection. Group 2 ponies had limited cytokine or lymphoproliferative responses to EHV-1 pre-challenge, and demonstrated increases in both IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses post-challenge, but without any lymphoproliferative response. Protective immunity to EHV-1 infection was therefore characterized by a polarized IFN-gamma dependent immunoregulatory cytokine response.
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