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  • Title: Incidence and location of ectopic abnormal parathyroid glands.
    Author: Phitayakorn R, McHenry CR.
    Journal: Am J Surg; 2006 Mar; 191(3):418-23. PubMed ID: 16490559.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Ectopic parathyroid glands are a cause for failed parathyroid exploration. METHODS: Patients with hyperparathyroidism and ectopic parathyroid glands were identified from a parathyroid database. Laboratory data, gland weights, and surgical outcomes were obtained. The locations of the ectopic glands were correlated with results of technetium-99m-sestamibi imaging. RESULTS: Of 231 patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism, 37 (16%) had ectopic parathyroid glands. Ectopic inferior glands (N = 23 [62%]) were intrathymic, n = 7 (30%); anterosuperior mediastinal, n = 5 (22%); intrathyroidal, n = 5 (22%); within the thyrothymic ligament, n = 4 (17%); and submandibular, n = 2 (9%). Ectopic superior glands (N = 14 [38%]) were in the tracheoesophageal groove, n = 6 (43%); retroesophageal, n = 3 (22%); posterosuperior mediastinal, n = 2 (14%); intrathyroidal, n = 1 (7%); in the carotid sheath, n = 1 (7%); and paraesophageal, n = 1 (7%). Sestamibi scans were true-positive in 81%, identifying 13 of 16 retrosternal glands, and false-negative in 19%. CONCLUSIONS: A 16% incidence of ectopic parathyroid glands and a 100% positive predictive value of sestamibi scintigraphy underscore the importance of sestamibi imaging in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
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