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  • Title: Comparison on pain on injection of a small particle size-lipid emulsion of propofol and standard propofol with or without lidocaine.
    Author: Krobbuaban B, Diregpoke S, Kumkeaw S, Tanomsat M.
    Journal: J Med Assoc Thai; 2005 Oct; 88(10):1401-5. PubMed ID: 16519386.
    Abstract:
    Pain on injection, reported in 28-90% of patients, is one of the most described side effects of the intravenous application of propofol. Many different approaches have been used in attempts to minimize propofol induced pain, with varied results. Using a randomized, double-blind protocol design, the author-section pain following the administration of two different particle size formulations of propofol with or without lidocaine in 388 nonpremedicated ASA I-II adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were allocated randomly to receive either a small particle size lipid emulsion of propofol (Anepol: average particle size 140.5 nm), or standard propofol (Propofol: average particle size 193.3 nm), by dividing into 4 groups. Group 1 received 2 ml NaCl 0.9% and Propofol, group 11 received 2 ml lidocaine 2% and Propofol, group III received 2 ml NaCl 0.9% and Anepol and group IV received 2 ml lidocaine 2% and Anepol into a dorsal vein of the hand. Pain during propofol injection was evaluated over 5-10 seconds, until loss of conscious, using a four point scale. Sixty-seven patients (69.1%) complained of pain in group 1, as compared with 50%, 41.2% and 39.2% in group II, III and IV (p < 0.05). The reported severity of injection pain was not significantly different between the groups. The authors conclude that small particle size propofol causes less pain on injection than standard propofol.
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