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  • Title: The use of spermicide containing nonoxynol-9 in the prevention of HIV infection.
    Author: Bird KD.
    Journal: AIDS; 1991 Jul; 5(7):791-6. PubMed ID: 1654056.
    Abstract:
    In 1980, the US Food and Drug Administration found nonoxynol 9 to be safe and effective as a vaginal contraceptive and, with regard to local toxicity, its decision on results of only 1 animal study and the shortage of reported significant adverse effects in humans, and not on clinical trials. Even though little research has looked specifically at vaginal spermicide toxicity to genital and rectal epithelia, other research reported genital irritation rates ranging from minimal to 10%. Nevertheless most literature reviews on nonoxynol 9 concluded that any reports of local toxicity were only minimally significant. Many studies have indicated that nonoxynol 9 protects against sexually transmitted diseases, but most of these did not control for consistency and frequency of use, different sexual practices, and the use of barrier methods. In fact, 1 study revealed a positive association between nonoxynol 9 and candida infections. In vitro research has consistently demonstrated nonoxynol 9's ability to inactivate HIV, but little research in humans exists on its safety and effectiveness in preventing HIV infection. The earliest report of local toxicity involved research in Nairobi, Kenya. It revealed who used vaginal sponges with nonoxynol 9 than those who used vaginal suppositories without it. These genital ulcerations may have indeed facilitated HIV entry thereby contributing to the higher incidence of new HIV infections among those using nonoxynol 9. Another study revealed that among 71 sex workers using condoms lubricated with nonoxynol 9 in Vancouver, British Columbia 53.5% reported adverse reactions. In the recent past, published information about AIDS in the US and UK promoted use of condoms lubricated with nonoxynol 9, but did not tell users about the possible adverse effects. Since research has not verified the safety of nonoxynol 9 with regard to local toxicity, its potential benefits in HIV prevention cannot yet be determined.
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