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  • Title: A large multi-pathogen waterborne community outbreak linked to faecal contamination of a groundwater system, France, 2000.
    Author: Gallay A, De Valk H, Cournot M, Ladeuil B, Hemery C, Castor C, Bon F, Mégraud F, Le Cann P, Desenclos JC, Outbreak Investigation Team.
    Journal: Clin Microbiol Infect; 2006 Jun; 12(6):561-70. PubMed ID: 16700706.
    Abstract:
    A large waterborne outbreak of infection that occurred during August 2000 in a local community in France was investigated initially via a rapid survey of visits to local physicians. A retrospective cohort study was then conducted on a random cluster sample of residents. Of 709 residents interviewed, 202 (28.5%) were definite cases (at least three liquid stools/day or vomiting) and 62 (8.7%) were probable cases (less than three liquid stools/day or abdominal pain). Those who had drunk tap water had a three-fold increased risk for illness (95% CI 2.4-4.0). The risk increased with the amount of water consumed (chi-square trend: p < 0.0001). Bacteriological analyses of stools were performed for 35 patients and virological analyses for 24 patients. Campylobacter coli, group A rotavirus and norovirus were detected in 31.5%, 71.0% and 21% of samples, respectively. An extensive environmental investigation concluded that a groundwater source to this community had probably been contaminated by agricultural run-off, and a failure in the chlorination system was identified. This is the first documented waterborne outbreak of infection involving human C. coli infections. A better understanding of the factors influencing campylobacter transmission between hosts is required.
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