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  • Title: Pharmacological manipulations of dopamine and opioids have differential effects on sexually motivated song in male European starlings.
    Author: Schroeder MB, Riters LV.
    Journal: Physiol Behav; 2006 Jul 30; 88(4-5):575-84. PubMed ID: 16784760.
    Abstract:
    Vocal communication is common among social vertebrates, though little is known about the neural mechanisms regulating the motivation to communicate. This study examined a possible role for dopamine and opioids in sexually motivated song in male European starlings. The dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR-12909 increased singing behavior, whereas the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH-23390 decreased song, suggesting a role for dopamine in the motivation to sing. In contrast, the opioid agonist fentanyl decreased song, and the antagonist naloxone has previously been shown to increase song, findings consistent with a role for opioids in reward associated with song production. These results suggest that dopamine and opioids play opposing roles in the regulation of the motivation to communicate.
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