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  • Title: The maintenance of key pecking by stimulus-contingent and response-independent food presentation.
    Author: Gamzu E, Schwartz B.
    Journal: J Exp Anal Behav; 1973 Jan; 19(1):65-72. PubMed ID: 16811654.
    Abstract:
    Three naive pigeons were exposed to a series of two-component multiple schedules of response-independent food presentation. The component schedules were sometimes identical (non-differential procedures) and sometimes different (differential procedures). High rates of key pecking were maintained in all the differential procedures, and pecking decreased substantially in non-differential procedures, even when the frequency of food presentation in non-differential procedures was higher than in differential procedures. It is suggested that the high rates of key pecking were maintained not by adventitious response-reinforcer contingencies, but by differential contingencies between the stimulus (keylight) and food. The role of such contingencies in the phenomenon of behavioral contrast is discussed.
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