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  • Title: Social engagement and depressive symptoms in late life: longitudinal findings.
    Author: Glass TA, De Leon CF, Bassuk SS, Berkman LF.
    Journal: J Aging Health; 2006 Aug; 18(4):604-28. PubMed ID: 16835392.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to investigate whether social engagement protects against depressive symptoms in older adults. METHOD: Three waves of data from a representative cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and above from the New Haven Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly are examined using random effects models. RESULTS: Social engagement (an index combining social and productive activity) is associated with lower CES-D scores after adjustment for age, sex, time, education, marital status, health and functional status, and fitness activities. This association is generally constant with time, suggesting a cross-sectional association. In addition, social engagement is associated with change in depressive symptoms, but only among those with CES-D scores below 16 at baseline. DISCUSSION: Social engagement is independently associated with depressive symptoms cross-sectionally. A longitudinal association is seen only among those not depressed at baseline.
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