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  • Title: Pyroglutamate stimulates Na+ -dependent glutamate transport across the blood-brain barrier.
    Author: Hawkins RA, Simpson IA, Mokashi A, Viña JR.
    Journal: FEBS Lett; 2006 Aug 07; 580(18):4382-6. PubMed ID: 16844120.
    Abstract:
    Regulation of Na(+)-dependent glutamate transport was studied in isolated luminal and abluminal plasma membranes derived from the bovine blood-brain barrier. Abluminal membranes have Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters while luminal membranes have facilitative transporters. This organization allows glutamate to be actively removed from brain. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, the first enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle (GGC), is on the luminal membrane. Pyroglutamate (oxoproline), an intracellular product of GGC, stimulated Na(+)-dependent transport of glutamate by 46%, whereas facilitative glutamate uptake in luminal membranes was inhibited. This relationship between GGC and glutamate transporters may be part of a regulatory mechanism that accelerates glutamate removal from brain.
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