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  • Title: Controlling the morphology of ZnO nanostructures in a low-temperature hydrothermal process.
    Author: Pal U, Santiago P.
    Journal: J Phys Chem B; 2005 Aug 18; 109(32):15317-21. PubMed ID: 16852941.
    Abstract:
    ZnO nanostructures of different morphologies were grown in a controlled manner using a simple low-temperature hydrothermal technique. Controlling the content of ethylenediamine (soft surfactant) and the pH of the reaction mixture, nanoparticles, nanorods, and flowerlike ZnO structures could be synthesized at temperatures 80-100 degrees C with excellent reproducibility. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed the well crystalline nature of all the nanostructures with preferential growth along the [002] direction for linear structures. Photoluminescence spectra of the as-grown nanostructures revealed oxygen-vacancy-related defects in them, which could be reduced by air annealing at 250 degrees C. Possible mechanisms for the variation of morphology with synthesis parameters are discussed.
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