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  • Title: Interaction of evaporated nickel nanoparticles with highly oriented pyrolytic graphite: Back-bonding to surface defects, as studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
    Author: Yang DQ, Sacher E.
    Journal: J Phys Chem B; 2005 Oct 20; 109(41):19329-34. PubMed ID: 16853496.
    Abstract:
    Ni nanoparticle evaporation onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), with low and high surface defect densities, has been studied in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) techniques, including binding energy shifts, Auger parameters, and Wagner plots. Ni nucleates at defect sites, whether initially present or those introduced by Ar+ bombardment, with the formation of spherical nanoparticles, which adhere strongly through Ni/HOPG back-bonding. The variation of the C 1s peak intensity with Ni coverage suggests that the photoelectron emission yield may be enhanced at lower Ni coverages, due to Ni nanoparticle-induced electron localization and work function reduction at the HOPG surface, which is evidence of such back-bonding.
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