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  • Title: Predictors for the development of elevated anti-heparin/platelet factor 4 antibody titers in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.
    Author: Yeh RW, Everett BM, Foo SY, Dorer DJ, Laposata M, Van Cott EM, Jang IK.
    Journal: Am J Cardiol; 2006 Aug 01; 98(3):419-21. PubMed ID: 16860036.
    Abstract:
    A substantial proportion of patients who undergo cardiac catheterization develop antibodies directed against the heparin/platelet factor 4 (PF4) complex after the procedure, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. This study attempted to identify factors that predicted the development of these antibodies in a prospective cohort study. Antiheparin/PF4 antibody titers were measured at baseline and again 5 +/- 2 days after cardiac catheterization by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 311 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization were included in the analysis. Of these, 25 (8.0%) developed positive antibody levels after catheterization. Patients who had positive antibody test results after catheterization had significantly greater baseline antiheparin/PF4 antibody titers compared with those whose titers remained low (optical density 0.227 vs 0.158, p < 0.001). In a logistic regression model, greater baseline antibody titers, a history of heparin exposure, and a lower platelet count at enrollment were the strongest predictors of conversion to positive antiheparin/PF4 antibody titers after cardiac catheterization. It is possible to identify patients at high risk for developing elevated titers of antiheparin/PF4 antibodies on the basis of their baseline clinical characteristics.
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