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  • Title: Acute extrapyramidal syndromes in neuroleptic-treated elders: a pilot study.
    Author: Ganzini L, Heintz R, Hoffman WF, Keepers GA, Casey DE.
    Journal: J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol; 1991; 4(4):222-5. PubMed ID: 1686396.
    Abstract:
    The incidence, morbidity, and risk factors for acute extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS) such as akathisia and drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) in neuroleptic-treated elders have not been systematically explored. This study presents data on 17 elderly patients who were prospectively examined for up to 4 weeks for acute EPS, functional and cognitive status, and behavioral disturbances. Seventy-one percent of subjects developed DIP, and 18% developed akathisia. Predictors of DIP included pre-neuroleptic treatment parkinsonian signs and neuroleptic dose, despite use of low doses of neuroleptics. Development of acute EPS was associated with failure to improve behaviorally. New-onset urinary incontinence was the most common functional abnormality.
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