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  • Title: Estimation of facial central motor delay by electrical stimulation of the motor cortex of the dog.
    Author: Haghighi SS, Estrem SA.
    Journal: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol; 1990 Feb; 75(2):82-7. PubMed ID: 1688777.
    Abstract:
    Central delay time (CD) has been estimated for activation of limb muscles by electrical or transcranial magnetic coil (TMC) stimulation of motor cortex and ventral root outflow. In the present study, we used surface electrical stimulation of the motor cortex of the right hemisphere to produce evoked compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) from the contralateral orbicularis oris (o.r.), and orbicularis oculi (o.c.), in dogs. Monopolar electrical stimulation of the facial nerve at the cerebello-pontine (CP) angle yielded CMAP activation of ipsilateral facial muscles. These latencies when subtracted from those obtained by direct cortical stimulation established CD for activation of the seventh cranial nerve. Preliminary data with single pulse magnetic stimulation at high outputs (greater than 80%) revealed CMAP with onset latencies similar to the direct facial nerve stimulation at the CP angle by electrical means.
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