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  • Title: Prevalence and risk factors for trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Niger.
    Author: Abdou A, Nassirou B, Kadri B, Moussa F, Munoz BE, Opong E, West SK.
    Journal: Br J Ophthalmol; 2007 Jan; 91(1):13-7. PubMed ID: 16899525.
    Abstract:
    AIMS: To determine the association of personal and household risk factors for trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Niger. METHODS: 12 villages were randomly selected. A census of all households was carried out, and 651 children aged 1-5 years were randomly selected and examined. Household and personal characteristics were determined, trachoma was clinically assessed and a swab for ocular C trachomatis infection was taken. RESULTS: The prevalence of trachoma was 43% (95% confidence interval (CI) 39% to 47%) and of infection was 21% (95% CI 18% to 24%). Children aged 3-5 years had a stronger association of clinical signs with infection, compared with those aged 1-2 years. Those with unclean faces were three times more likely to have clinical trachoma or ocular C trachomatis infection, compared with those with clean faces (OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.6 to 6.2) and 3.0 (95% CI 1.4 to 6.3), respectively). 75% of compounds were within 30 min of a water source. Flies on the face were a risk factor for trachoma but not for C trachomatis infection. CONCLUSIONS: The different association of clinical signs with infection in younger versus older children may be an age-dependent difference in the duration of clinical disease. In Niger, unclean faces are a major risk factor for trachoma. The ready availability of water for washing suggests that further research on the effect of a strong health education campaign promoting clean children is warranted in this area.
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