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  • Title: A protective role for programmed death 1 in progression of murine adriamycin nephropathy.
    Author: Qin XH, Lee VW, Wang YP, Zheng GP, Wang Y, Alexander SI, Harris DC.
    Journal: Kidney Int; 2006 Oct; 70(7):1244-50. PubMed ID: 16900095.
    Abstract:
    Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a novel member of the CD28/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 superfamily, which plays an important role in the regulation of activated T cells. However, it is not clear how PD-1 is expressed in normal and diseased kidney, nor if it has a role in progression of chronic renal disease. PD-1 expression and the effect of monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody (Ab) were examined in murine adriamycin nephropathy (AN). BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: (a) normal mice, (b) adriamycin (ADR) with control immunoglobulin (Ig)G (ADR-IgG), and (c) ADR with anti-PD-1 Ab (ADR-Ab). AN was induced by a single intravenous injection of ADR. Anti-PD-1 Ab was given by intraperitoneal injection on alternate days from day 0 to day 10, or to day 18. Animals were killed at week 4. Renal function, histological change, and cytokine expression were examined. PD-1 mRNA was detected in kidney tissue of mice with AN in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PD-1 was mainly expressed on injured tubule cells and some interstitial cells, which co-stained with alpha-smooth muscle actin in AN, but not in normal kidney. Anti-PD-1 treatment up to day 18, but not to day 10, worsened glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. The ratio of urinary protein/creatinine was significantly higher in ADR-Ab mice than ADR-IgG mice. The number of macrophages was significantly increased in ADR-Ab mice compared with ADR-IgG mice. Blockade of PD-1 worsened progressive renal histopathological and functional injury in murine AN. This suggests a possible protective role for PD-1 in chronic renal disease, and its potential as a treatment to slow disease progression.
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