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  • Title: Gram staining apparatus for space station applications.
    Author: Molina TC, Brown HD, Irbe RM, Pierson DL.
    Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol; 1990 Mar; 56(3):601-6. PubMed ID: 1690529.
    Abstract:
    A self-contained, portable Gram staining apparatus (GSA) has been developed for use in the microgravity environment on board the Space Station Freedom. Accuracy and reproducibility of this apparatus compared with the conventional Gram staining method were evaluated by using gram-negative and gram-positive controls and different species of bacteria grown in pure cultures. A subsequent study was designed to assess the performance of the GSA with actual specimens. A set of 60 human and environmental specimens was evaluated with the GSA and the conventional Gram staining procedure. Data obtained from these studies indicated that the GSA will provide the Gram staining capability needed for the microgravity environment of space.
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