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  • Title: Contact-call driven and tone-driven zenk expression in the nucleus ovoidalis of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus).
    Author: Brauth SE, Liang W, Hall WS.
    Journal: Neuroreport; 2006 Sep 18; 17(13):1407-10. PubMed ID: 16932148.
    Abstract:
    The effectiveness of species-typical contact calls and a 3-kHz pure tone to induce zenk gene protein expression in the primary thalamic auditory relay nucleus ovoidalis was compared in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), a parrot species capable of lifelong vocal learning. Ovoidalis consists of a core which projects topographically to field L of the telencephalon and a ventromedial shell containing many calcitonin-gene-related peptide neurons that project throughout field L as well as to an adjacent field receiving visual input. Tone-induced and call-induced zenk expression in the ovoidalis core were similar; however, call-induced zenk expression in ventromedial ovoidalis shell was significantly greater than tone-induced expression. These results support the idea that the ovoidalis shell may contain neurons specialized to process complex sounds including species-typical communication sounds.
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