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  • Title: ZnO multipods, submicron wires, and spherical structures and their unique field emission behavior.
    Author: Ramgir NS, Late DJ, Bhise AB, More MA, Mulla IS, Joag DS, Vijayamohanan K.
    Journal: J Phys Chem B; 2006 Sep 21; 110(37):18236-42. PubMed ID: 16970441.
    Abstract:
    A simple method of vapor deposition for the shape selective synthesis of ZnO structures, namely, multipods, submicron wires, and spheres, has been successfully demonstrated. A plausible growth mechanism based on the studies of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is proposed. Our studies suggest that the growth of a multipod structure is governed by the screw dislocation propagation while the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism is responsible for the formation of submicron wires and spheres. Moreover, the flow rate of the carrier gas plays a crucial role in governing the morphology. Further, these structures exhibit an enhanced field emission behavior. The nonlinearity in the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) plot, a characteristic feature of electron emission from semiconductors, is explained by considering the contributions from both the conduction and the valence bands of ZnO.
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