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  • Title: Total nitrogen and free amino acid losses and protein calorie malnutrition of hemodialysis patients: do they really matter?
    Author: Prado de Negreiros Nogueira Maduro I, Elias NM, Nonino Borges CB, Padovan GJ, Cardeal da Costa JA, Marchini JS.
    Journal: Nephron Clin Pract; 2007; 105(1):c9-c17. PubMed ID: 17114902.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND/AIMS: Protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) in patients on hemodialysis (HD) is multifactorial; however, HD per se induces nutrient losses. The aim of the present study was to characterize the losses of total nitrogen (TN) and free amino acids (FAs) through the dialysate and to determine the relationship between this loss and PCM, food ingestion, and the characteristics of the hemodialyzer in patients on HD. METHODS: In a prospective study, 21 patients submitted to low-flux HD 3 times a week were evaluated within a period of 6 months regarding nutritional status, dietary calorie and protein intake, and losses through the dialysate of TN, FA, and urea nitrogen (UN). The type, surface area and reuses (up to 12) of the dialysis membrane were determined on each occasion, and the adequacy of dialysis was estimated by Kt/V. RESULTS: 50% of the patients were considered malnourished, although the mean protein and energy intakes were similar for the malnourished and nourished patients. Mean TN losses through the dialysate were 16 g/session (60% UN). FA losses varied from 3.8 to 4.2 g/total volume. TN and FA in the dialysate did not differ significantly between malnourished and nourished patients. There was a positive correlation between membrane (polysulfone) area and TN (p <0.05) and ultrafiltrate volume and TN (p < 0.05), and a nonsignificant correlation between reuse of the dialysis membrane and TN. CONCLUSIONS: TN and FA losses through the dialysate were similar for malnourished and non-malnourished patients on chronic HD, thus they do not act as indicators of nutritional status impairment.
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