These tools will no longer be maintained as of December 31, 2024. Archived website can be found here. PubMed4Hh GitHub repository can be found here. Contact NLM Customer Service if you have questions.


Pubmed for Handhelds

PUBMED FOR HANDHELDS

Search MEDLINE/PubMed

  • Title: Viruses cause type 1 diabetes in animals.
    Author: Yoon JW, Jun HS.
    Journal: Ann N Y Acad Sci; 2006 Oct; 1079():138-46. PubMed ID: 17130545.
    Abstract:
    More than 10 viruses have been reported to be associated with the development of type 1 diabetes-like symptoms in animals, with the best evidence coming from studies on the D variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC-D) virus in mice and Kilham rat virus (KRV) in rats. A high titer of EMC-D viral infection results in the development of diabetes within 3 days, primarily due to the rapid destruction of beta cells by viral replication within the cells. A low titer of EMC-D viral infection results in the recruitment of macrophages to the islets. Soluble mediators produced by activated macrophages play a critical role in the destruction of residual beta cells. A single amino acid at position 776 of the EMC viral genome controls the diabetogenicity of the virus. In contrast, KRV causes autoimmune type 1 diabetes in diabetes-resistant BioBreeding (DR-BB) rats without direct infection of beta cells. Macrophages play an important role in the development of diabetes in KRV-infected DR-BB rats. As well, KRV infection preferentially activates effector T cells, such as Th1-like CD45RC(+)CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells, and downregulates regulatory T cells, such as Th2-like CD45RC(-)CD4(+) T cells. This results in the breakdown of the immune balance, contributing to the development of diabetes in KRV-infected DR-BB rats.
    [Abstract] [Full Text] [Related] [New Search]