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  • Title: Approach to the diagnosis of neuroendocrine lung neoplasms: variabilities and pitfalls.
    Author: Hammar SP.
    Journal: Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg; 2006; 18(3):183-90. PubMed ID: 17185177.
    Abstract:
    With the publication of the spectrum of neuroendocrine proliferations and neoplasms and the features and criteria for diagnosing neuroendocrine lung neoplasms, there is more agreement in making a specific pathologic diagnosis of a neuroendocrine lung neoplasm. However, problems exist, especially in diagnosing well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (atypical carcinoids), large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and even some small-cell lung cancers. Some of this disagreement has to do with a pathologist's perception of sizes and shapes of cells. Nonneuroendocrine small-cell carcinomas exist and include small-cell squamous cell carcinoma, small cell adenocarcinoma, and basaloid carcinoma. Nonneuroendocrine lung cancers, especially large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, not infrequently express neuroendocrine markers immunohistochemically.
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