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  • Title: The immunological response of calves after submucosal application of a live vaccine against parainfluenza-3- and adenovirus. (Brief report).
    Author: Haralambiev H.
    Journal: Arch Exp Veterinarmed; 1975 Jun; 29(3):397-400. PubMed ID: 172040.
    Abstract:
    Using submucosal application of live attenuated vaccine against parainfluenza-3-virus and cattle adenovirus within the nasal opening, calves reacted with the formation of secretory (local) and serum antibodies of significantly higher titers than are received using subcutaneous application. The same vaccine induces interferon activity in the serum and nasal secretion after submucosal vaccination. Adenovirus antigen is a stronger interferon inducer than para-influenza-3-virus.
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