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  • Title: Surface expression of transglutaminase 2 by dendritic cells and its potential role for uptake and presentation of gluten peptides to T cells.
    Author: Ráki M, Schjetne KW, Stamnaes J, Molberg Ø, Jahnsen FL, Issekutz TB, Bogen B, Sollid LM.
    Journal: Scand J Immunol; 2007 Mar; 65(3):213-20. PubMed ID: 17309775.
    Abstract:
    Celiac disease is a chronic small intestinal inflammation driven by gluten-reactive T cells of the intestinal mucosa. These T cells are HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 restricted, and predominantly recognize gluten peptides that are deamidated by the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Our recent results strongly suggest that duodenal CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DC) are directly involved in T cell activation in the celiac lesion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether surface-associated TG2 could be involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of gluten peptides, a process that may contribute to the preferential recognition of deamidated peptides. We found that both monocyte-derived DC and local CD11c(+) DC in the duodenal mucosa expressed cell surface-associated TG2. As phenotypic characterization of CD11c(+) DC in the celiac lesion suggests that these cells may be derived from circulating monocytes, we used monocyte-derived DC in functional in vitro studies. Using a functional T cell assay, we obtained evidence that cell surface-associated TG2 is endocytosed by monocyte-derived DC. However, we were unable to obtain evidence for a role of surface TG2 in the loading and subsequent generation of deamidated gluten peptides in these cells.
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