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  • Title: Otitis media in Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus infected children undergoing antiretroviral therapy.
    Author: Miziara ID, Weber R, Araújo Filho BC, Pinheiro Neto CD.
    Journal: J Laryngol Otol; 2007 Nov; 121(11):1048-54. PubMed ID: 17319998.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in the prevalence of otitis media, associated with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, in Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. SETTING: Division of otorhinolaryngology, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Brazil. PATIENTS: A cohort of 459 HIV-infected children aged below 13 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of otitis media and the serum cluster of differentiation four glycoprotein T lymphocyte count were compared for children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (with protease inhibitors) and those receiving standard antiretroviral therapy (without protease inhibitors). RESULTS: Otitis media was present in 33.1 per cent of the children. Children aged from zero years to five years 11 months receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy had a higher prevalence of acute otitis media (p=0.02) and a lower prevalence of chronic otitis media (p=0.02). Children who were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy had a mean serum cluster of differentiation four glycoprotein T lymphocyte count greater than that of those who were receiving standard antiretroviral therapy (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Brazilian HIV-infected children was associated with a lower prevalence of chronic otitis media.
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