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  • Title: The safety and immunogenicity of an in ovo vaccine against Newcastle disease virus differ between two lines of chicken.
    Author: Dilaveris D, Chen C, Kaiser P, Russell PH.
    Journal: Vaccine; 2007 May 10; 25(19):3792-9. PubMed ID: 17321645.
    Abstract:
    Newcastle disease virus is a major threat to poultry and in ovo vaccines are needed. A live in ovo vaccine for Newcastle disease virus, which was licensed but not marketed, was unsafe. It killed 32% of line 0 chicks and 10% of vaccine Lohmann (VALO) chicks using the maximum recommended dose that infected about 40% of the embryos. VALO's made more antibody than line 0's whether infected in ovo or by contact. The vaccine interrupted the massive development of the air capillaries between injection and hatch 3 days later. Cytokines, delivered as DNA in plasmids, did not function as adjuvants. IFN-gamma prevented infection. IL-4 or IL-18 had little or no effect. Line 0 chicks that had been infected by contact were protected and so the unsafe in ovo vaccination of a minority could protect the majority.
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