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  • Title: Sex differences in mouse heart rate and body temperature and in their regulation by adenosine A1 receptors.
    Author: Yang JN, Tiselius C, Daré E, Johansson B, Valen G, Fredholm BB.
    Journal: Acta Physiol (Oxf); 2007 May; 190(1):63-75. PubMed ID: 17428234.
    Abstract:
    AIM: To examine cardiac function, body temperature and locomotor behaviour in the awake adenosine A(1) receptor knock out mouse of both sexes. METHODS: Male and female A(1)R (+/+) and (-/-) mice, instrumented with telemetric devices, were recorded during basal conditions and after drug administration. RESULTS: Female mice had higher heart rate, body temperature and locomotion, both during daytime and during the night. Awake A(1)R (-/-) mice had a slightly elevated heart rate, and this was more clear-cut in males. Heart rate was also higher in Langendorff-perfused denervated A(1)R (-/-) hearts. Body temperature was higher in A(1)R (-/-) males and females; locomotor activity was higher in A(1)R (-/-) females, but not in males. The adenosine receptor agonist R-PIA (0.2 mg kg(-1)) decreased heart rate and body temperature, but less in A(1)R (-/-) animals than in A(1)R (+/+) mice (P < 0.001 in both parameters). The unselective adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine had a minor stimulatory effect on heart rate in lower doses, but depressed it at a dose of 75 mg kg(-1). Body temperature was increased after a low dose (7.5 mg kg(-1)) of caffeine in both sexes and genotypes, and markedly reduced after a high dose (75 mg kg(-1)) of caffeine. An intermediary dose of caffeine 30 mg kg(-1) increased or decreased body temperature depending on genotype and sex. Locomotor responses to caffeine were variable depending both on genotype and sex. CONCLUSION: Thus, the adenosine A(1) receptor is involved in the regulation of heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity, but the magnitude of the involvement is different in males and females.
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